Falciparum Malaria, Pneumocystis Pneumonia, Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral
Atovaquone and proguanil are used to prevent and treat malaria, which is a disease caused by parasites transmitted through mosquito bites. This combination is effective against Plasmodium falciparum, the most dangerous type of malaria parasite. It is commonly used by travelers to high-risk areas and in regions where malaria is prevalent. The combination is also effective against strains of malaria that are resistant to other treatments, making it a valuable option in managing the disease.
Atovaquone works by disrupting the parasite's energy production, which is essential for its survival. Proguanil interferes with the parasite's ability to reproduce by inhibiting its folate synthesis, which is necessary for cell division. Together, they target different stages of the malaria parasite's life cycle, providing a comprehensive approach to treatment. This combination is effective against strains of malaria that are resistant to other medications, making it a valuable option in malaria management.
The usual adult daily dose for malaria prevention is one tablet, containing 250 mg of atovaquone and 100 mg of proguanil, taken once daily. For malaria treatment, the dose is typically four tablets taken once daily for three days. This combination provides a balanced approach, with atovaquone targeting the parasite's energy production and proguanil inhibiting its reproduction. It's important to follow the prescribed dosage and schedule to ensure the medication's effectiveness and reduce the risk of side effects.
Common side effects of atovaquone and proguanil include stomach upset, headache, and dizziness. Atovaquone may cause rash and nausea, while proguanil can lead to mouth sores and hair loss. Significant adverse effects, though rare, include liver problems and severe skin reactions. Both medicines can cause allergic reactions, which may present as difficulty breathing or swelling. It's important to monitor for these side effects and consult a healthcare provider if they occur. The combination is generally well-tolerated, but awareness of potential side effects is crucial for safe use.
Important warnings for atovaquone and proguanil include the risk of allergic reactions, which can be severe. People with liver or kidney problems should use this combination with caution, as it can affect these organs. Atovaquone may cause skin reactions, while proguanil can lead to blood disorders. The combination is contraindicated in people with known hypersensitivity to either drug. It's crucial to inform healthcare providers of any medical conditions before starting the medication. Monitoring for side effects and following medical advice can help manage risks and ensure safe use.
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
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NO
Antimalarial, Antiprotozoal
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