hyoscyamine (injectable)
Synonyms
Approved Treatment Indication:
Asthma, Bradycardia, Colonic Diseases, Common Cold, Tremor, Poisoning, Rhinitis, Spasm, Stomach Ulcer, Uveitis, Sialorrhea, Abnormalities, Drug-Induced, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Peptic Ulcer, Iridocyclitis, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, Hyperhidrosis, Urticaria, Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic, Muscle Rigidity, Heart Arrest, Dysentery, Rhinitis, Vasomotor, Diverticulitis, Sinusitis, Facial Paralysis, Sinoatrial Block, Parkinson Disease, Postencephalitic, Intraoperative Complications
Summary
What conditions hyoscyamine is used for
Hyoscyamine is used to treat conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, which causes abdominal pain and bowel changes, and peptic ulcers, which are sores in the stomach lining. It helps by relaxing muscles in the gut and reducing stomach acid. Hyoscyamine can be used alone or with other therapies to manage symptoms effectively.
How hyoscyamine works in the body
Hyoscyamine works by blocking acetylcholine, which is a chemical that transmits signals in the nervous system. This action relaxes muscles in the gut and reduces stomach acid production. Think of it like turning down the volume on a loudspeaker, calming the digestive system. This helps relieve symptoms like abdominal pain and cramping.
The usual dosages and routes of administration of hyoscyamine
The usual adult dose of hyoscyamine is 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg every 4 hours as needed, not exceeding 1.5 mg per day. It can be taken with or without food, usually every 4 to 6 hours. Do not crush or chew extended-release tablets. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions to ensure safe and effective use.
The most commonly observed adverse effects of hyoscyamine
Common side effects of hyoscyamine include dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation. These effects vary among individuals. If you notice new symptoms after starting hyoscyamine, they might be temporary or unrelated. Always talk with your doctor before stopping any medication.
Important safety warnings and contraindications of hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamine has safety warnings. It can cause heat prostration, which is overheating due to decreased sweating, especially in hot weather. It may also cause blurred vision, dizziness, and drowsiness, affecting your ability to drive or operate machinery. Do not use hyoscyamine if you have glaucoma, which is increased pressure in the eye, or myasthenia gravis, which is a muscle weakness disorder.
Drug Status
Government Approvals
UK(FDA), US(FDA)
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist, Anticholinergic, Cholinergic Muscarinic Antagonist, Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Indications and Purpose
What is hyoscyamine?
Hyoscyamine is a medication that belongs to the anticholinergic class. It works by relaxing muscles in the gut and reducing stomach acid. It's primarily used to treat conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, which causes abdominal pain and bowel changes, and peptic ulcers, which are sores in the stomach lining. It can also help relieve symptoms of bladder and bowel disorders.How does hyoscyamine work?
Hyoscyamine works by blocking acetylcholine, which is a chemical that transmits signals in the nervous system. This action relaxes muscles in the gut and reduces stomach acid production. Think of it like turning down the volume on a loudspeaker, calming the digestive system. This helps relieve symptoms like abdominal pain and cramping.Is hyoscyamine effective?
Hyoscyamine is effective for treating conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, which causes abdominal pain and bowel changes, and peptic ulcers, which are sores in the stomach lining. It works by relaxing muscles in the gut and reducing stomach acid. Clinical evidence supports its effectiveness in relieving these symptoms, improving comfort and quality of life for many patients.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of hyoscyamine?
The usual adult dose of hyoscyamine is 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg every 4 hours as needed, not exceeding 1.5 mg per day. Dosage may vary based on individual needs and conditions. For children and the elderly, dose adjustments may be necessary. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions to ensure safe and effective use of hyoscyamine.How do I take hyoscyamine?
Take hyoscyamine as prescribed by your doctor. It can be taken with or without food, usually every 4 to 6 hours. Do not crush or chew extended-release tablets. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose. Do not double up on doses. Avoid alcohol, as it can increase side effects. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions regarding dosage and any dietary restrictions.For how long do I take hyoscyamine?
Hyoscyamine is typically used for short-term relief of symptoms like abdominal pain or cramping. The duration of use depends on your condition and doctor's advice. For chronic conditions, it may be used longer. Always follow your doctor's instructions on how long to take hyoscyamine to ensure safe and effective treatment.How long does it take for hyoscyamine to start working?
Hyoscyamine starts working within 30 to 60 minutes after taking it. The full therapeutic effect may take a few hours to be noticeable. Factors like your overall health and the specific condition being treated can affect how quickly you feel relief. Always take hyoscyamine as prescribed for the best results.How should I store hyoscyamine?
Store hyoscyamine at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a tightly closed container. Do not store it in the bathroom, where humidity can affect the medication. Always keep hyoscyamine out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion. Check expiration dates and dispose of expired medication properly.How do I dispose of hyoscyamine?
Dispose of hyoscyamine by taking it to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. If unavailable, mix the medication with an undesirable substance like used coffee grounds, seal it in a plastic bag, and throw it in the trash. This prevents harm to people and the environment.
Warnings and Precautions
Who should avoid taking hyoscyamine?
Do not use hyoscyamine if you have glaucoma, which is increased pressure in the eye, or myasthenia gravis, which is a muscle weakness disorder. These are absolute contraindications due to severe risks. Use caution if you have heart disease or high blood pressure, as these are relative contraindications. Always consult your doctor before using hyoscyamine.Can I take hyoscyamine with other prescription drugs?
Hyoscyamine can interact with other medications, increasing the risk of side effects. For example, it can interact with antihistamines, which are allergy medications, and tricyclic antidepressants, which are used for depression, leading to increased drowsiness or dry mouth. Always inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions.Can hyoscyamine be taken safely while pregnant?
The safety of hyoscyamine during pregnancy is not well-established. Limited evidence makes it difficult to provide definitive advice. It's important to weigh the benefits against potential risks. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, consult your doctor to discuss the safest treatment options for your condition.Can hyoscyamine be taken safely while breastfeeding?
The safety of hyoscyamine while breastfeeding is not well-established. It's unclear if it passes into breast milk or affects milk supply. If you're breastfeeding, consult your doctor before using hyoscyamine. They can help determine the best treatment options for you and your baby, considering potential risks and benefits.Is hyoscyamine safe for the elderly?
Elderly individuals are more vulnerable to the side effects of hyoscyamine, such as confusion, dry mouth, and constipation. These effects can be more pronounced in older adults. It's important for elderly patients to use hyoscyamine under close medical supervision to monitor for adverse effects and adjust the dosage if necessary.Is it safe to exercise while taking hyoscyamine?
You can exercise while taking hyoscyamine, but be aware of potential side effects like dizziness or blurred vision, which may affect your ability to exercise safely. Stay hydrated and avoid strenuous activities if you experience these symptoms. Consult your doctor if you have concerns about exercising while on hyoscyamine.Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking hyoscyamine?
It's best to avoid alcohol while taking hyoscyamine. Alcohol can increase side effects like dizziness and drowsiness. It may also worsen dry mouth and blurred vision. If you choose to drink, do so in moderation and be aware of any symptoms. Consult your doctor for personalized advice on alcohol use with hyoscyamine.What are the most common side effects of hyoscyamine?
Side effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common side effects of hyoscyamine include dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation. These effects vary among individuals. If you notice new symptoms after starting hyoscyamine, they might be temporary or unrelated. Always talk with your doctor before stopping any medication.Does hyoscyamine have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common adverse effects of hyoscyamine include dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation. Serious side effects, like difficulty urinating or severe allergic reactions, require immediate medical attention. If you experience any adverse effects, contact your doctor to discuss your symptoms and adjust your treatment if necessary.Is hyoscyamine addictive?
Hyoscyamine is not considered addictive or habit-forming. It does not cause physical or psychological dependence. However, it's important to use it only as prescribed by your doctor. If you have concerns about medication dependence, discuss them with your healthcare provider to ensure safe use of hyoscyamine.Does hyoscyamine have any safety warnings?
Yes, hyoscyamine has safety warnings. It can cause heat prostration, which is overheating due to decreased sweating, especially in hot weather. It may also cause blurred vision, dizziness, and drowsiness, affecting your ability to drive or operate machinery. Not adhering to these warnings can lead to serious health risks. Always follow your doctor's advice and report any concerning symptoms.Is it safe to stop hyoscyamine?
Hyoscyamine is often used for short-term relief of symptoms. Stopping it suddenly is generally safe, but symptoms may return. If you have been using it long-term, consult your doctor before stopping to avoid any potential issues. Your doctor can guide you on how to safely discontinue the medication if needed.