Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Lopinavir and ritonavir are used to treat HIV infection, which is a virus that attacks the immune system. They help control the virus and prevent it from progressing to AIDS, which is the advanced stage of HIV infection. By reducing the viral load, which is the amount of virus in the blood, and improving immune function, these medicines help manage the disease and improve the quality of life for those living with HIV.
Lopinavir works by inhibiting the protease enzyme, which the HIV virus needs to multiply. Ritonavir boosts lopinavir's effectiveness by slowing its breakdown in the body, increasing its concentration in the blood. Together, they reduce the viral load and improve immune function, helping to control HIV infection and prevent the progression of the disease.
The usual adult daily dose of lopinavir and ritonavir is 400 mg of lopinavir and 100 mg of ritonavir, taken twice a day. This combination is often provided in a single tablet or oral solution. It's important to follow the healthcare provider's instructions and not adjust the dose without consulting them. Regular monitoring through blood tests may be necessary to ensure the correct dose is being used and the medicines are working effectively.
Common side effects of lopinavir and ritonavir include diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain. Some people may also experience headaches and tiredness. Significant adverse effects can include liver problems, which are indicated by yellowing of the skin or eyes, and pancreatitis, which is inflammation of the pancreas. Both medicines can also cause changes in body fat distribution, known as lipodystrophy.
Important warnings for lopinavir and ritonavir include the risk of liver problems, pancreatitis, and changes in heart rhythm. People with liver disease or heart conditions should use these medicines with caution. Contraindications include using them with certain medications that can cause serious interactions, such as some sedatives and cholesterol-lowering drugs. It's crucial to inform healthcare providers of all medical conditions and medications being taken.
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
YES
NO
Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor, Protease Inhibitor
NO